Subjective well-being: The science of happiness and a proposal for a national index. Randomized controlled trial of the effects of aerobic exercise on physical functioning and quality of life in lymphoma patients. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 51(3), 356–364.Ĭourneya, K. Dose-response effects of aerobic exercise on quality of life in postmenopausal women: Results from the Breast Cancer and Exercise Trial in Alberta (BETA). S., McNeil, J., O’Reilly, R., Morielli, A. Body mass index, perceived health, and happiness: Their determinants and structural relationships. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 20(1), 37–46.Ĭornelisse-Vermaat, J. A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales. Exploring the causes of subjective well-being: A content analysis of peoples’ recipes for long-term happiness. Exercise and quality of life during and after treatment for breast cancer: Results of two randomized controlled trials. A., Salovey, P., Yu, H., Chung, G., Kasl, S., & Irwin, M. Emotional outlook on life predicts increases in physical activity among initially inactive men. Direct and indirect relationships between physical activity and happiness levels among older adults: A cross-sectional study. International Journal of Public Health, 52(1), 8.īarreto, P. Gender differences in leisure-time physical activity. Future research is suggested to explore the mechanism of how physical activity influences happiness and to determine the optimal dose and type of physical activity for gaining the benefits of happiness.Īlexopoulos, G. However, due to the limited number of randomized controlled trials, we cannot draw firm conclusions regarding the causal relationship between physical activity and happiness. Evidence showed a consistent positive relationship between physical activity and happiness. The randomized controlled trials mostly focused on older adults and cancer survivors, and suggested that both aerobic exercise and stretching/balancing exercise were effective in improving happiness. Mediation effects were examined in two studies indicating the positive relationship between physical activity and happiness might be mediated by health and social functioning. As little as 10-min physical activity per week or 1 day of doing exercise per week might result in increased levels of happiness. All the observational studies reported positive associations between physical activity and happiness. These studies involved a wide range of population from various countries and areas. From 1142 retrieved records, fifteen observational studies (thirteen cross-sectional studies and two longitudinal studies) and eight intervention studies (six randomized controlled trials and two non-randomized trials) were included for further analysis. A systematic search of major databases including PubMed/Medline, PsychInfo, SportDiscus, and Embase was performed in 2017 for original research articles published post-1980 with the related keywords of happiness and physical activity. This study aimed to examine the relationship between physical activity and happiness through systematically reviewing the existing literature.
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