The Lucifer Effect can also be seen as a stern reminder to take greater care in designing the systems we use to keep organizations functioning, and to take great care in the day to day leadership of organizations.Ĭhapter 1: The Psychology of Evil: Situated Character Transformations Specifically, precautionary measures should include avoiding the belief that individuals are invulnerable to Situational forces, being wary of the increased power of Situational forces in novel situations, and knowing that seemingly benign details present in the Situation and System can have deleterious effects, which can quickly become uncontrollable. Zimbardo’s approach to examining the Situational and Systemic factors, rather than merely the Personal factors, should help readers to inoculate their organizations against unethical behavior. It is rarely reasonable to attribute bad organizational outcomes solely to the few individuals who get caught. The conclusion of the book proposes to continue to study the power of Situational and Systemic forces that can influence normal individuals to commit evil, inhumane acts, but also with the thought of turning that influence in the direction of heroic, humane behavior. Zimbardo’s three tiered analysis categories are: Person, Situation, and System. We must accept that there aren’t just bad apples, but bad barrels, and in turn bad barrel makers. His main point is that while individuals should be held responsible for their own conduct, we must also examine the Situational and Systemic factors that shape individual conduct. The title, The Lucifer Effect, refers to the extreme transformative arc from good to evil that God’s favorite angel Lucifer underwent, and provides a context within which to examine lesser human transformations from good to evil. In a compelling story of his own life’s journey, Phil Zimbardo juxtaposes his famous Stanford Prison Experiment (SPE) and the equally famous Milgram experiment on obedience to authority with the scandalous events at the Abu Ghraib prison during the war in Iraq. The Lucifer Effect: Understanding How Good People Turn Evil
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